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Unity Engine


WheelCollider

A special collider for vehicle wheels.
Read time 8 minutesLast updated 2 days ago

Definition

  • Type: Class
  • Namespace: UnityEngine
  • Assembly: UnityEngine.VehiclesModule
  • Inherits from: Collider
public class WheelCollider : Collider

Remarks

Wheel collider is used to model vehicle wheels. It simulates a spring and damper suspension setup, and uses a slip based tire friction model to calculate wheel contact forces.
Wheel's collision detection is performed by casting a ray from _center downwards the local y-axis. The wheel has a _radius and can extend downwards by _suspensionDistance amount.
The wheel is controlled with _motorTorque, _brakeTorque and _steerAngle properties.
Wheel collider computes friction separately from the rest of physics engine, using a slip based friction model. This allows for more realistic behaviour, but makes wheel colliders ignore standard PhysicsMaterial settings. Simulation of different road materials is done by changing the _forwardFriction and _sidewaysFriction based on what material the wheel is hitting. and WheelFrictionCurve.
Additional Resources: WheelCollider.GetGroundHit

Properties

Property

Description

brakeTorqueBrake torque expressed in Newton metres.
centerThe center of the wheel, measured in the object's local space.
forceAppPointDistanceApplication point of the suspension and tire forces measured from the base of the resting wheel.
forwardFrictionProperties of tire friction in the direction the wheel is pointing in.
isGroundedIndicates whether the wheel currently collides with something (Read Only).
massThe mass of the wheel, expressed in kilograms. Must be larger than zero. Typical values would be in range (20,80).
motorTorqueMotor torque on the wheel axle expressed in Newton metres. Positive or negative depending on direction.
radiusThe radius of the wheel, measured in local space.
rotationSpeedRotation speed of the wheel, measured in degrees per second.
rpmCurrent wheel axle rotation speed, in rotations per minute (Read Only).
sidewaysFrictionProperties of tire friction in the sideways direction.
sprungMassThe mass supported by this WheelCollider.
steerAngleSteering angle in degrees, always around the local y-axis.
suspensionDistanceMaximum extension distance of wheel suspension, measured in local space.
suspensionExpansionLimitedLimits the expansion velocity of the Wheel Collider's suspension. If you set this property on a Rigidbody that has several Wheel Colliders, such as a vehicle, then it affects all other Wheel Colliders on the Rigidbody.
suspensionSpringThe parameters of wheel's suspension. The suspension attempts to reach a target position by applying a linear force and a damping force.
wheelDampingRateThe damping rate of the wheel. Must be larger than zero.

Methods

Method

Description

ConfigureVehicleSubstepsConfigure vehicle sub-stepping parameters.
GetGroundHitGets ground collision data for the wheel.
GetWorldPoseGets the world space pose of the wheel accounting for ground contact, suspension limits, steer angle, and rotation angle (angles in degrees).
ResetSprungMassesReset the sprung masses of the vehicle.

Inheritance

Inherited Members

Operators

Operator

Description

operator ==Compares two object references to see if they refer to the same object.
boolDetermines whether the object exists.
operator !=Compares if two objects refer to a different object.