Use Relay with UTP
Build multiplayer games using Relay with the Unity Transport Package for networking.
Read time 8 minutesLast updated a day ago
The Relay SDK works well with the Unity Transport Package (UTP), a modern networking library built for the Unity game engine to abstract networking. UTP lets developers focus on the game rather than low-level protocols and networking frameworks. UTP is netcode-agnostic, which means it can work with various high-level networking code abstractions, supports all Unity’s netcode solutions, and works with other netcode libraries.
Note
The recommended best practice is to use Relay with NGO. If you want to use something besides NGO (such as custom netcode) to synchronize GameObjects, you can use Relay and UTP for transport and Relay proxy purposes.
Configure the Relay SDK
You must configure your Unity project for Unity before using Relay. To do so, visit Get started with Relay. After you’ve enabled the Relay service, link your Unity Project ID through the Unity Editor. Check out the Simple Relay sample (using UTP) to learn the basics of using Relay with UTP.Simple Relay sample (using UTP)
This sample expands on the Simple Relay sample. It demonstrates the basics of building a multiplayer game using Relay with UTP. Import the sample from the Relay package in the Package Manager, and follow along with the included script. This sample works with at least two separate clients. One host player and one or more joining players. You might want to run multiple clients on the same machine when you test the sample project code. You can do so by building the project into an executable binary or using a solution, such as ParrelSync or Multiplayer Play Mode, that allows you to run multiple Unity Editor instances of the same project. If you build the project into a binary, you can use the binary in conjunction with the open Unity Editor or with clones of the binary. Upon playing the scene, you can start the client as a host player (who initiates the game session) or as a joining player. You must have at least one host player, and the host player is necessary to run the game for the joining players. The flow for the host player is as follows:- Sign in
- Get regions (optional)
- Select region (optional)
- Allocate game session
- Bind to the selected Relay server
- Get join code
- Send messages to all connected players
- Disconnect all connected players
- Sign in
- Join the game session using the host player's join code
- Bind to the selected Relay server
- Request a connection to the host player
- Send a message to the host player
- Disconnect from the host player
Import the Simple Relay sample (using UTP) project
- Open a Relay project with the Unity Editor (version 2020.3). If you don’t have a Relay project, visit Set up a Relay project.
- Open the Package Manager and navigate to the Relay package.
- Expand the Samples section.
- Select Import to import the Simple Relay sample (using UTP) project.
- Now that you have imported the Simple Relay sample project, you can open it as a scene. It's located within the current project under Assets/Samples/Relay/1.0.4/Simple Relay sample (using UTP).
- Select File > Open Scene.
- Navigate to the Simple Relay sample (using UTP) scene.
Initialize Unity Services
Before using any Unity services, such as Relay, you must initialize the UnityServices singleton. Check out the Services Core API.await UnityServices.InitializeAsync();
Authenticate the player
You must authenticate both the host player and the connecting players. The simplest way to authenticate players is with the Authentication service'sSignInAnonymouslyAsync()public async void OnSignIn(){ await AuthenticationService.Instance.SignInAnonymouslyAsync(); playerId = AuthenticationService.Instance.PlayerId; Debug.Log($"Signed in. Player ID: {playerId}");}
Host player
When your game client functions as a host player, it must be able to create an allocation, request a join code, configure the connection type, and create an instance of theNetworkDriverThe host player update loop
Before starting the first steps of the allocation flow, you need to set the host player’s update loop, which handles incoming connections and messages.Note
For simplicity, the sample code calls this loop on every frame. Handling the host player update loop in a separate coroutine makes more sense in practice.
Update()void UpdateHost(){ // Skip update logic if the Host isn't yet bound. if (!hostDriver.IsCreated || !hostDriver.Bound) { return; } // This keeps the binding to the Relay server alive, // preventing it from timing out due to inactivity. hostDriver.ScheduleUpdate().Complete(); // Clean up stale connections. for (int i = 0; i < serverConnections.Length; i++) { if (!serverConnections[i].IsCreated) { Debug.Log("Stale connection removed"); serverConnections.RemoveAt(i); --i; } } // Accept incoming client connections. NetworkConnection incomingConnection; while ((incomingConnection = hostDriver.Accept()) != default(NetworkConnection)) { // Adds the requesting Player to the serverConnections list. // This also sends a Connect event back the requesting Player, // as a means of acknowledging acceptance. Debug.Log("Accepted an incoming connection."); serverConnections.Add(incomingConnection); } // Process events from all connections. for (int i = 0; i < serverConnections.Length; i++) { Assert.IsTrue(serverConnections[i].IsCreated); // Resolve event queue. NetworkEvent.Type eventType; while ((eventType = hostDriver.PopEventForConnection(serverConnections[i], out var stream)) != NetworkEvent.Type.Empty) { switch (eventType) { // Handle Relay events. case NetworkEvent.Type.Data: FixedString32Bytes msg = stream.ReadFixedString32(); Debug.Log($"Server received msg: {msg}"); hostLatestMessageReceived = msg.ToString(); break; // Handle Disconnect events. case NetworkEvent.Type.Disconnect: Debug.Log("Server received disconnect from client"); serverConnections[i] = default(NetworkConnection); break; } } }}
Create an allocation
The following code snippet has a function,OnAllocatepublic async void OnAllocate(){ Debug.Log("Host - Creating an allocation. Upon success, I have 10 seconds to BIND to the Relay server that I've allocated."); // Determine region to use (user-selected or auto-select/QoS) string region = GetRegionOrQosDefault(); Debug.Log($"The chosen region is: {region ?? autoSelectRegionName}"); // Set max connections. Can be up to 150, but note the more players connected, the higher the bandwidth/latency impact. int maxConnections = 4; // Important: After the allocation is created, you have ten seconds to BIND, else the allocation times out. hostAllocation = await RelayService.Instance.CreateAllocationAsync(maxConnections, region); Debug.Log($"Host Allocation ID: {hostAllocation.AllocationId}, region: {hostAllocation.Region}"); // Initialize NetworkConnection list for the server (Host). // This list object manages the NetworkConnections which represent connected players. serverConnections = new NativeList<NetworkConnection>(maxConnections, Allocator.Persistent);}
Warning
You won't be able to connect to the Relay server if there's a mismatch between the information provided through / and the information obtained from the allocation. For example, you'll receive a "Failed to connect to server" error message if the parameter doesn't match.One of the easiest ways to prevent this from happening is to build the directly from the allocation. However, you must use Netcode for GameObjects (NGO) version 1.1.0 or later.
SetRelayServerDataSetRelayClientDataisSecureRelayServerDataBind to the Relay server and listen for connections
The following code snippet has a function,OnBindHostpublic void OnBindHost(){ Debug.Log("Host - Binding to the Relay server using UTP."); // Extract the Relay server data from the Allocation response. var relayServerData = new RelayServerData(hostAllocation, "udp"); // Create NetworkSettings using the Relay server data. var settings = new NetworkSettings(); settings.WithRelayParameters(ref relayServerData); // Create the Host's NetworkDriver from the NetworkSettings. hostDriver = NetworkDriver.Create(settings); // Bind to the Relay server. if (hostDriver.Bind(NetworkEndpoint.AnyIpv4) != 0) { Debug.LogError("Host client failed to bind"); } else { if (hostDriver.Listen() != 0) { Debug.LogError("Host client failed to listen"); } else { Debug.Log("Host client bound to Relay server"); } }}
Request a join code
The following code snippet has a function,OnJoinCodepublic async void OnJoinCode(){ Debug.Log("Host - Getting a join code for my allocation. I would share that join code with the other players so they can join my session."); try { joinCode = await RelayService.Instance.GetJoinCodeAsync(hostAllocation.AllocationId); Debug.Log("Host - Got join code: " + joinCode); } catch (RelayServiceException ex) { Debug.LogError(ex.Message + "\n" + ex.StackTrace); }}
Joining player
When your game client functions as a joining player, it must be able to join an allocation, configure the connection type, and create an instance of itsNetworkDriverNote
The default behavior of the method uses to create the is to avoid using a socket connection if possible when a player joins the Relay server. However, the client uses a socket to connect to the server in the following scenarios:
DefaultDriverBuilder.RegisterClientDriverNetworkDriver- The is enabled.
NetworkSimulator - The is set to
ClientServerBootstrap.RequestPlayType.Client - The isn't present (for any reason.)
ServerWorld
The player update loop
As with the host player, before joining the host player’s game session, you need to set the joining player’s update loop, which handles incoming messages.Note
For simplicity, the sample code calls this loop on every frame. However, handling the player update loop in a separate coroutine makes more sense in practice.
Update()void UpdatePlayer(){ // Skip update logic if the Player isn't yet bound. if (!playerDriver.IsCreated || !playerDriver.Bound) { return; } // This keeps the binding to the Relay server alive, // preventing it from timing out due to inactivity. playerDriver.ScheduleUpdate().Complete(); // Resolve event queue. NetworkEvent.Type eventType; while ((eventType = clientConnection.PopEvent(playerDriver, out var stream)) != NetworkEvent.Type.Empty) { switch (eventType) { // Handle Relay events. case NetworkEvent.Type.Data: FixedString32Bytes msg = stream.ReadFixedString32(); Debug.Log($"Player received msg: {msg}"); playerLatestMessageReceived = msg.ToString(); break; // Handle Connect events. case NetworkEvent.Type.Connect: Debug.Log("Player connected to the Host"); break; // Handle Disconnect events. case NetworkEvent.Type.Disconnect: Debug.Log("Player got disconnected from the Host"); clientConnection = default(NetworkConnection); break; } }}
Join an allocation
The following code snippet has a function,OnJoinpublic async void OnJoin(){ // Input join code in the respective input field first. if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(JoinCodeInput.text)) { Debug.LogError("Please input a join code."); return; } Debug.Log("Player - Joining host allocation using join code. Upon success, I have 10 seconds to BIND to the Relay server that I've allocated."); try { playerAllocation = await RelayService.Instance.JoinAllocationAsync(JoinCodeInput.text); Debug.Log("Player Allocation ID: " + playerAllocation.AllocationId); } catch (RelayServiceException ex) { Debug.LogError(ex.Message + "\n" + ex.StackTrace); }}
Warning
You won't be able to connect to the Relay server if there's a mismatch between the information provided through / and the information obtained from the allocation. For example, you'll receive a "Failed to connect to server" error message if the parameter doesn't match.One of the easiest ways to prevent this from happening is to build the directly from the allocation. However, you must use Netcode for GameObjects (NGO) version 1.1.0 or later.
SetRelayServerDataSetRelayClientDataisSecureRelayServerDataBind to the Relay server and connect to the host player
The following code snippet has a function,OnBindPlayerNote
This binds the player to the Relay server. The next step connects the player to the host player so they can begin exchanging messages.
public void OnBindPlayer(){ Debug.Log("Player - Binding to the Relay server using UTP."); // Extract the Relay server data from the Join Allocation response. var relayServerData = new RelayServerData(playerAllocation, "udp"); // Create NetworkSettings using the Relay server data. var settings = new NetworkSettings(); settings.WithRelayParameters(ref relayServerData); // Create the Player's NetworkDriver from the NetworkSettings object. playerDriver = NetworkDriver.Create(settings); // Bind to the Relay server. if (playerDriver.Bind(NetworkEndpoint.AnyIpv4) != 0) { Debug.LogError("Player client failed to bind"); } else { Debug.Log("Player client bound to Relay server"); }}
Bind to the Relay server and connect to the host player
The following code snippet has a function,OnConnectPlayerhostDriver.Accept()public void OnConnectPlayer(){ Debug.Log("Player - Connecting to Host's client."); // Sends a connection request to the Host Player. clientConnection = playerDriver.Connect();}
Sending messages
Now that the host player and player are connected, they can communicate by sending messages.Sending messages as the host
The following code snippet has a function,OnHostSendMessagepublic void OnHostSendMessage(){ if (serverConnections.Length == 0) { Debug.LogError("No players connected to send messages to."); return; } // Get message from the input field, or default to the placeholder text. var msg = !String.IsNullOrEmpty(HostMessageInput.text) ? HostMessageInput.text : HostMessageInput.placeholder.GetComponent<Text>().text; // In this sample, we will simply broadcast a message to all connected clients. for (int i = 0; i < serverConnections.Length; i++) { if (hostDriver.BeginSend(serverConnections[i], out var writer) == 0) { // Send the message. Aside from FixedString32, many different types can be used. writer.WriteFixedString32(msg); hostDriver.EndSend(writer); } }}
Sending messages as a player
The following code snippet has a function,OnPlayerSendMessagepublic void OnPlayerSendMessage(){ if (!clientConnection.IsCreated) { Debug.LogError("Player isn't connected. No Host client to send message to."); return; } // Get message from the input field, or default to the placeholder text. var msg = !String.IsNullOrEmpty(PlayerMessageInput.text) ? PlayerMessageInput.text : PlayerMessageInput.placeholder.GetComponent<Text>().text; if (playerDriver.BeginSend(clientConnection, out var writer) == 0) { // Send the message. Aside from FixedString32, many different types can be used. writer.WriteFixedString32(msg); playerDriver.EndSend(writer); }}
Disconnecting
After a player finishes, they can disconnect from the host. A host player can also forcefully disconnect a connected player.Disconnecting a player as the host
The following code snippet has a function,OnDisconnectPlayerspublic void OnDisconnectPlayers(){ if (serverConnections.Length == 0) { Debug.LogError("No players connected to disconnect."); return; } // In this sample, we will simply disconnect all connected clients. for (int i = 0; i < serverConnections.Length; i++) { // This sends a disconnect event to the destination client, // letting them know they're disconnected from the Host. hostDriver.Disconnect(serverConnections[i]); // Here, we set the destination client's NetworkConnection to the default value. // It will be recognized in the Host's Update loop as a stale connection, and be removed. serverConnections[i] = default(NetworkConnection); }}
Disconnecting as a player
The following code snippet has a function,OnDisconnectpublic void OnDisconnect(){ // This sends a disconnect event to the Host client, // letting them know they're disconnecting. playerDriver.Disconnect(clientConnection); // We remove the reference to the current connection by overriding it. clientConnection = default(NetworkConnection);}