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Configure Physics Core 2D API objects with definitions

Create a definition object to configure properties such as gravity, friction, position, and shape.
Read time 4 minutesLast updated 13 days ago
Note
This documentation is about writing C# scripts using the 
Unity.U2D.Physics
API. To use 2D physics in the Unity Editor using components like the Rigidbody 2D component, refer to 2D physics instead.
To configure the properties of a physics world and its objects, such as gravity, friction, position, and shape, use definitions. Definitions are objects that store physics properties and values. You create a definition, then pass it into the world, body, or shape you create.
Definitions optimize physics performance by avoiding you setting properties after you create a world, body, or shape, which can make the CPU do extra work. Definitions also allow you to pass around and reuse sets of values.
For the full list of definition objects, refer to the 
Unity.U2D.Physics
API documentation.

Create and use a definition

Follow these steps:
  1. Create a public definition object in your script, for example a 
    PhysicsBodyDefinition
    object to configure a 
    PhysicsBody
    .
    // Create a new body definition with default properties and valuespublic PhysicsBodyDefinition bodyDefinition = new PhysicsBodyDefinition();
    A new definition has a set of default values. To change the default values you receive, refer to the Change the default definition values section.
  2. Pass in the definition when you create the physics object. For example:
    PhysicsBody myObject = world.CreateBody(bodyDefinition);
If your script is in a 
MonoBehaviour
class attached to a GameObject, Unity displays the properties of the definition in the
Inspector

?

window so you can configure them. For the full list of default properties, refer to Definitions reference for the Physics Core 2D API.
If you change the definition after you create an object with it, the changes don't affect the existing object.
Note
Definitions are large 
struct
objects. To pass definitions into other methods, the recommended best practice is to use the 
ref
or 
in
keyword to pass them by reference. Passing by reference avoids using extra memory to copy the structure.

Set a definition property in a script

To configure the definition in your script, set the properties of the definition before you create the object with it.
For the full list of properties, refer to the 
Unity.U2D.Physics
API documentation.
For example:
public PhysicsBodyDefinition bodyDefinition = new PhysicsBodyDefinition{    // Set the linear velocity    linearVelocity = Vector2.right * 4f,    // Set the gravity scale    gravityScale = 0f};// Create the bodyPhysicsBody myObject = world.CreateBody(bodyDefinition);
Note
Changing the 
position
of a physics body doesn't change its center of mass. Unity calculates the center of mass based on the mass of the shapes attached to the body.

Create multiple objects with the same definition

To create multiple physics bodies or physics shapes with the same configuration, call the 
CreateBodyBatch
method of your world object. Pass in the definition and the number of objects you want to create. For example:
// Create 500 bodies using the single definitionNativeArray<PhysicsBody> fiveHundredBodies = world.CreateBodyBatch(bodyDefinition, 500);
Important
CreateBodyBatch
returns a 
NativeArray
type that points to native memory, so you must dispose the memory when you finish using it. For more information, refer to Destroy Physics Core 2D API objects and manage memory.

Change the default definitions

To change the default values you receive when you use 
new
or 
.defaultDefinition
to create a definition object, follow these steps:
  1. Create and assign a Physics Core Settings 2D asset. For more information, refer to Configure global 2D physics settings.
  2. In the
    Project Settings

    ?

    window, select PhysicsCore 2D > Settings.
  3. Configure the properties in the Default Definitions tab.
For a full list of properties, refer to PhysicsCore 2D reference

Example

The following example uses a body definition to set the position of a physics body, then a shape definition to set the density of a shape.
using UnityEngine;using Unity.U2D.Physics;public class CreateObjectsWithDefinitions : MonoBehaviour{        PhysicsWorld world;        // Declare definitions with default properties for the body and shape    public PhysicsBodyDefinition bodyDefinition = new PhysicsBodyDefinition();    public PhysicsShapeDefinition  shapeDefinition = new PhysicsShapeDefinition();     void Start()    {        // Get the default world        world = PhysicsWorld.defaultWorld;        // Set the position of the body using the body definition        bodyDefinition.position = new Vector2(0f, 5f);        // Create the physics body with the body definition        PhysicsBody myObject = world.CreateBody(bodyDefinition);        // Set the density of the shape to 5 kg/m²        shapeDefinition.density = 5f;        // Create the circle geometry        CircleGeometry circleGeometry = new CircleGeometry { radius = 1.5f };        // Create the shape with both the geometry and the shape definition        myObject.CreateShape(circleGeometry, shapeDefinition);    }}

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