Create custom binding types

Create custom binding types and attributes.

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最后更新于 1 个月前

You can create custom binding types to extend the runtime binding system. To create a custom binding type, create a class and inherit it from the

CustomBinding

class.

Register and unregister binding objects

The

CustomBinding

is like the

IBinding

interface, which allows you to register multiple binding instances instead of a single one. The

CustomBinding

is an extensibility entry point and only provides an

Update

method to update the binding. However, you can implement the following methods to receive a callback when a binding is registered, unregistered, and when the data source context has changed on an element:

重要

OnDataSourceChanged

is called when the

dataSource

property itself is changed (when you assign a new data source object to an element), not when the data within the source changes. This is different from

BindingUpdateTrigger.OnSourceChanged

, which responds to changes in the source data. If you need to respond to changes in the source data, use the appropriate update triggers or implement change tracking in your data source.

Define data source and data source path

To define the data source and data source path for a binding type, implement the

IDataSourceProvider

interface. The binding system uses the

dataSource

and

dataSourcePath

properties provided by this interface to determine the resolved data source and data source path. These properties are referred to as "local" because they override the values obtained from the hierarchy. Importantly, modifying these "local" properties doesn't impact the element itself or any of its descendants.

Define update triggers

By default, the binding system updates a

CustomBinding

instance on every frame.

To define update triggers, use the following methods:

```
MarkDirty
```
: Sets the binding object as
```
dirty
```
so that it gets updated during the next cycle.
```
updateTrigger
```
: Use this
```
enum
```
property to change how the binding is updated.
```
BindingResult
```
: Use this method to customize the update process. The
```
BindingResult
```
is a struct that tells you whether the update was successful. It contains a
```
status
```
and a
```
message
```
.

The

BindingResult

contains a

status

and a

message

. The following are the possible values of

status

Success: The binding update was successful. If the binding instance doesn't require constant updates, it isn't updated again until there is a change in the data source or the binding instance is explicitly marked as dirty, based on the update trigger.
Failure: The binding update was unsuccessful. If the binding instance doesn't require constant updates, it isn't updated again until there is a change in the data source or the binding instance is explicitly marked as dirty, based on the update trigger.
Pending: The binding update is still in progress. The system automatically marks the binding instance as dirty until it receives a success or failure response.

You can use the

Pending

result of the

BindingResult

method to inform the binding system if a binding object needs to be updated on the next cycle.

Example

This section provides an example to demonstrate how to create a custom binding type and set up the binding in UI Builder, UXML, and C#.

The following example creates a custom binding type that displays the current time. You can bind it to the

text

property of a Label to create a clock.


using System;using Unity.Properties;using UnityEngine.UIElements;[UxmlObject]public partial class CurrentTimeBinding : CustomBinding{    [UxmlAttribute]    public string timeFormat = "HH:mm:ss";    public CurrentTimeBinding()    {        updateTrigger = BindingUpdateTrigger.EveryUpdate;    }    protected override BindingResult Update(in BindingContext context)    {        var timeNow = DateTime.Now.ToString(timeFormat);        var element = context.targetElement;        if (ConverterGroups.TrySetValueGlobal(ref element, context.bindingId, timeNow, out var errorCode))            return new BindingResult(BindingStatus.Success);        // Error handling        var bindingTypename = TypeUtility.GetTypeDisplayName(typeof(CurrentTimeBinding));        var bindingId = $"{TypeUtility.GetTypeDisplayName(element.GetType())}.{context.bindingId}";        return errorCode switch        {            VisitReturnCode.InvalidPath => new BindingResult(BindingStatus.Failure, $"{bindingTypename}: Binding id `{bindingId}` is either invalid or contains a `null` value."),            VisitReturnCode.InvalidCast => new BindingResult(BindingStatus.Failure, $"{bindingTypename}: Invalid conversion from `string` for binding id `{bindingId}`"),            VisitReturnCode.AccessViolation => new BindingResult(BindingStatus.Failure, $"{bindingTypename}: Trying set value for binding id `{bindingId}`, but it is read-only."),            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException()        };    }}

When you create a custom binding type, it appears in the Add binding window in UI Builder. To set up the binding in UI Builder, in the Add Binding window, select CurrentTimeBinding from the Type list.

The UXML equivalent of this binding is as follows:


 <ui:Label text="Label">    <Bindings>        <CurrentTimeBinding property="text" />    </Bindings></ui:Label>

The C# equivalent of this binding is as follows:


var label = new Label();label.SetBinding("text",  new CurrentTimeBinding());

Best practices

Follow these tips and best practices to optimize performance:

Minimize per-element state usage: Reduce reliance on per-element state in your custom binding types. Instead, leverage shared or global state whenever possible to enhance performance and simplify maintenance.
Use
BindingUpdateTrigger.OnSourceChanged
: When your binding type only requires updates when changes are detected in the source, set the
```
updateTrigger
```
to
```
BindingUpdateTrigger.OnSourceChanged
```
. This ensures that the binding type is updated only when necessary, optimizing performance.
Use
BindingUpdateTrigger.WhenDirty
for manual updates: If you update your binding type manually and don't require immediate synchronization, set the
```
updateTrigger
```
to
```
BindingUpdateTrigger.WhenDirty
```
. This allows you to manually control when the binding type updates, providing flexibility and control over synchronization.
Leverage callbacks: Whenever possible, use the
```
OnActivated
```
,
```
OnDeactivated
```
, or
```
OnDataSourceChanged
```
callbacks instead of the
```
Update
```
callback. These callbacks are triggered at specific lifecycle events, reducing unnecessary updates and improving efficiency. By using the appropriate callback, you can optimize your binding type's behavior and ensure updates occur precisely when needed.

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