# Framebuffer orientation

> Explains how to manually match the application's frame buffer to the Android device's native orientation.

If your application's framebuffer orientation doesn't match the device's native display orientation (portrait, for most devices), Android rotates the application's framebuffer to match the device's display every frame. Depending on the device's hardware capabilities, this additional rotation can negatively affect performance. If your application uses the [Vulkan Graphics API](/engine/6000.6/manual/platform-specific/android/getting-started/class-player-settings.md#auto-graphics-api) and the device supports Vulkan, Unity can apply this rotation during rendering which reduces the performance impact of the rotation. This is called[ pre-rotation](https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2020/02/handling-device-orientation-efficiently.html).

## Using pre-rotation in Unity

To make Unity apply pre-rotation, you can use C# scripts or the Unity Editor:

* Through C# scripts: Set [PlayerSettings.vulkanEnablePreTransform](/engine/6000.6/script-reference/unityeditor/playersettings/vulkanenablepretransform.md) to `true`.

* Through the Unity Editor:

  1. Select **Edit** > Editor.
  2. In the Project settings window, select the **Player** tab, then open [Android Player Settings](/engine/6000.6/manual/platform-specific/android/getting-started/class-player-settings.md).
  3. In the **Other Settings** section, enable **Apply display rotation during rendering**.

## How Unity applies pre-rotation

Unity applies pre-rotation when it renders directly to the device's backbuffer, not when it renders to a [Render Texture](/engine/6000.6/manual/materials-and-shaders/textures/textures-reference/class-render-texture.md). To apply the rotation, Unity modifies the projection matrix which affects the `UNITY_MATRIX_MVP` and `UNITY_MATRIX_P` [Built-in shader variables](/engine/6000.6/manual/materials-and-shaders/shaders/reference/sl-unity-shader-variables.md). This means that Unity applies the rotation in the vertex shader.

Using pre-rotation doesn't affect the behavior of Unity’s C# API. For example, you can still use `Screen.width` to access the width of the screen. The same applies to viewports and [scissor rects](/engine/6000.6/script-reference/unityengine/rendering/commandbuffer/enablescissorrect.md). Unity adjusts these as needed, and also handles readback operations from the backbuffer such as Grab Pass, ReadPixels, or Screenshot.

Unity provides utility macros to handle special cases in shaders (for more information, see the [Limitations](#limitations) section below).

The macro UNITY\_PRETRANSFORM\_TO\_DISPLAY\_ORIENTATION is only defined if all of the following conditions are true (otherwise, it's undefined):

* `preTransform` is enabled in the Player Settings
* the platform is set to Android
* the graphics API is set to Vulkan

UNITY\_DISPLAY\_ORIENTATION\_PRETRANSFORM is a constant that is set to the current `preTransform` rotation. Its value is one of the following:

* `UNITY_DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_PRETRANSFORM_0`
* `UNITY_DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_PRETRANSFORM_90`
* `UNITY_DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_PRETRANSFORM_180`
* `UNITY_DISPLAY_ORIENTATION_PRETRANSFORM_270`

If UNITY\_PRETRANSFORM\_TO\_DISPLAY\_ORIENTATION is undefined, or when rendering to a Render Texture, the value of UNITY\_DISPLAY\_ORIENTATION\_PRETRANSFORM is UNITY\_DISPLAY\_ORIENTATION\_0.

UNITY\_DISPLAY\_ORIENTATION\_PRETRANSFORM is translated into a Vulkan specialization constant, which makes it efficient to use in if or switch statements.

## Limitations

In the following cases, it's likely that enabling preTransform requires additional modifications to your Unity Project before you can use it:

* Shaders that don’t use Unity’s projection matrix
* Shaders that depend on the current pixel position in the fragment shader (`SV_Position`)
* Shaders that use screen space derivatives (ddx, ddy)
* Native rendering plugins that use the Vulkan swapchain image might need to be modified
* Use of backbuffer with Unity RenderPass API in an MRT setup together with other Render Textures

These cases only apply when rendering directly to the backbuffer.

## Additional resources

* [Vulkan Design Guidelines](https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/graphics/design-notes?hl=sk\&authuser=3) on the Android developer website.
* [Vulkan Mobile Best Practice - Appropriate Use of Surface Rotation](https://community.arm.com/developer/tools-software/graphics/b/blog/posts/appropriate-use-of-surface-rotation) on the arm community website.